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What She Wants

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Page 12/What She Wants/February-March, 1981

19th Century Activists (continued from page 7)

the ordination of women to the sacramental priesthood.

Woman, Church and State, written by Matilda Joslyn Gage thirteen years after Mott's death, takes up in a systematic way the feminist critique of the institutional church and its influence in the shaping of the state. Beginning with the premise (taken from Bachofen and now disputed) that the civilized world had its roots in matriarchy, Gage explores the development of Christianity through such developments as clerical celibacy, Canon Law, feudal "marquette" (the bride-right of lords), witch trials, the sale of daughters as wives, polygamy, the degradation of women's work up to the present discrimination against women in the teachings and practices of her contemporary American church. Gage closes her study with the conclusions 1) that the foundation of women's oppression is the church; and 2) that the church is founded on the oppression of women. Calling the struggle for religious equality the most important struggle in the church (and by extension in the state), Gage challenges women to abandon the traditional life of self-sacrifice for a life of selfdevelopment as their first religious duty.

Wagner's introduction provides a helpful examination of the social and political collaboration among Gage, Anthony and Stanton from the birth of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1876 to its replacement in 1890 by a more conservative movement committed not to full socio-political and religious rights, but only to women's right to vote. As Wagner notes, Gage and her contemporaries believed the ballot to be the key for releasing women from the four-fold bondage of the state, the church, the capitalist, and the home. Wagner includes an exten-

Hard Hat (continued from page 5)

that she couldn't do the job and might as well give up. She naturally resented his attitude, which he insisted was a usual part of his training technique. Mary was very discouraged and had difficulty believing she would succeed at the job. One day she was talking with some male co-workers and one man said, "You've got to stop worrying. For one thing, you have the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] on your side. Secondly, it's obvious you can do it. Thirdly, the union will support you. We'd walk out if he tries to mess with you!" His encouragement, in addition to her own persistence, made Mary's first six months successful. She is now in her third year on the job.

Mary previously was employed as an office worker. She likes her present job better because she is able to work outside and because she has more control over the quality of her work, more freedom, and. better pay.

There are some drawbacks, such as a certain amount of physical danger. More pervasive, however, are comments from men. Mary tends to ignore the sexist remarks but doesn't mind answering questions. "I don't mind it as long as I help educate someone that a woman can do a job like mine."

. Sometimes she may need assistance on the job and although technically she's the boss, her male helper may automatically assume the heavy work. At such times Mary will remind him that he's helping her.. Then an observer might yell, "Oh-you send her up for the hard work!”

Mary likes her job. She eventually wants to move to a more complex communications installation job. "Opportunities do exist if women look. I'm not doing [this job] to prove a point... It's a more interesting and well-paying job." She is one of the many women who are choosing, fighting for and enjoying hardhatted jobs.

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sive description of Gage's work as editor and publisher of the NWSA official paper, the National Citizen and Ballot Box (1879-1881). Curiously, despite the religious focus of Gage's Woman, Church and State, Wagner makes little point of the work's feminist theological context. In emphasizing the political climate, Wagner fails to explore the religious background. Not only was Mott's work an immediate forerunner and determining influence, other important feminist works, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Woman's Bible (1895), are both theologically related and contemporaneous.

Mary Daly's four-page Foreword, continuing Daly's own insistence on her feminist categories: Hag, Crone, etc., points out the radical aspects of Gage's work and its timeliness for the 1980's. Amid growing retrenchment and what she terms "women-hating crusades," Daly notes her personal emotional responses to reading Gage's text: 1) admiration of the perceptive collection of a vast quantity of data; 2) profound grief at the evidence of church-perpetrated horrors against women; 3) rage at the historical minimizing of women's works such as this; and 4) hope that as Gage herself states, "the wide psychic under-current which seething through women's souls, is overthrowing the civilizations built upon the force principles of the patriarchate,...will soon reinstate the reign of truth and justice.'

Art by Wimmin (continued from page 7)

the flower is very dark and mysterious and reminds the viewer of Georgia O'Keefe's erotic representations of wimmin.

"Amazon Triology" by Joye Gulley is, in the words of the artist, "the strongest, most positive selfportrait that I have ever completed. This is my portrayal of the celebration of my emergence as a Lesbian-Feminist." The large painting is done in clean, bright colors.

Arleen Hartman's work in graphite, "The Chasing Eyes," is a collage done in three dimensions; the ob jects in the work come off the paper in many places. "Art by Wimmin" closed February 27. It is hoped that this show will be an annual event.

*The word "woman" literally means "wife of man" and is derived from the Old English. The meaning was incorrect in its original usage and is certainly incorrect today. While our spelling, "wimmin," does not entirely give us a symbol of our own, it does take the "man" out of "woman"-at least in the written form of expression.

Miami Takes Hint

MIAMI BEACH (UPI)-City Commissioners will consider a resolution Wednesday to adopt the Equal Rights Amendment in an attempt to boost waning convention business and bring some glitter back to the resort community.

Beach Commissioner Alex Daoud has requested a municipal equal rights ordinance to convince ERA supporters the city is committed to equal rights. The resolution will be considered at Wednesday's commission meeting.

Commissioners said more than $150 million in convention bookings could be lost over the next decade as a result of the boycott.

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The National Organization for Women has imposed an economic boycott in states such as Florida which have not approved the ERA. As a result, more than 500 groups have refused to hold conventions and meetings in Florida.